HPV and Cancer: Risks & Protection

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very notorious sexually transmitted infection (STI) to affect people worldwide. While most people link HPV with genital warts, the virus may also lead to cancers. For example, throat cancer, anal cancer, and cervical cancer. However, the good news is that the disease is preventable with vaccines and routine screenings. In this blog, we will walk you through various treatment and preventive options that are available in London. Also, you can explore the various risks and complications associated with HPV, and how do they associate with cancers.

A brief introduction to HPV

Human papillomavirus is a group of more than 200 related viruses, which are mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Around 40 types among them infect the external genital area, and are widely categorised into two:

Low-Risk HPV: These virus types are responsible for causing genital warts. However, they do not lead to cancers.
High-Risk HPV: These are fatal types and can result in cancers. They affect the external genitals first; gradually progressing into the internal reproductive organs. For example, throat, vulva, cervix, vagina, anus, and penis.

HPV is highly contagious and can easily transmit through vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Even, skin-to-skin contact can lead to infections, especially if there is an open sore or cut. Sexually active people are more likely to contract HPV and will be infected at least once in their lifetime. Generally, HPV is curable with the immune system helping to shed off the viral load. This happens within a period of two years.

HPV and Cancer: The Connection Explained

High-risk human papillomavirus types are mostly responsible for causing cancers, especially cervical cancer. Here’s how HPV can lead to cancer:

Cervical Cancer: HPV causes significant changes in the cells of the cervix. These can gradually progress into cancer if diagnosis and treatment is delayed.
Anal and Penile Cancer: Similar to cervical cancer, HPV can cause abnormalities in the cells of the anus and penis. Prolonged delays in treatment can cause them to become cancerous.
Oropharyngeal Cancer: This is also known as throat cancer and is transmitted mainly through oral sex. HPV can spread to the surrounding organs, like the tonsils and tongue, too.

If you want a detailed account of the potential health risks associated with HPV, a private GP can help you. Book a private GP appointment in London, where doctors provide the necessary testing and management guidance to prevent viral transmission.

What symptoms to expect if you have HPV?

Most cases of HPV do not exhibit early symptoms. This is why regular testing and screening is needed. When signs actually occur, they may include:

Genital warts (characterised by small, flesh-coloured bumps or groups of bumps)
Abnormal pap smear results (indicates changes in the cervical cells)
Unusual bleeding or lump formation in the external genitals.

If you notice any of these symptoms, prioritise seeking urgent medical advice. This will prevent unnecessary complications and improve treatment outcomes.

Testing and Diagnosis

Testing for HPV typically involves:

Pap Smear: A test to detect abnormal cervical cells in women.
HPV Test: A test to identify high-risk HPV types in cervical cells.
Visual Inspection: For genital warts, a healthcare provider can often diagnose HPV based on appearance.

Many private sexual health clinic locations in London offer HPV testing as part of routine sexual health screenings. If you’re due for a Pap smear or HPV test, a private sexual clinic London can provide confidential and convenient care.

Preventing HPV: What measures to take?

The best way to protect yourself and near ones from HPV is through vaccination and safe sexual practices. Here’s how:

Get Vaccinated: The HPV vaccine is highly efficient in preventing infection against high-risk HPV types. It is recommended for:
- Adolescents aged between 11–12 (both boys and girls)
- Young adults up to age 26 who were not vaccinated earlier
- Adults aged 27–45, based on individual risk and discussion with a healthcare provider
Use Condoms: While condoms do not provide full protection against HPV spread (since the virus can infect areas which are not covered by a condom), they can reduce the risk of transmission.
Limit Sexual Partners: Reducing the number of sexual partners can lower your risk of exposure to HPV.
Get Regular Screenings: For women, regular Pap smears and HPV tests are essential for early detection of cervical changes.

Role of Private Healthcare in HPV Prevention and Management

Confidential healthcare services, such as those offered by a private sexual health clinic, play a crucial role in HPV prevention and management. These clinics offer several advantages:

Confidentiality: Private clinics prioritise patient privacy, which can be especially important when dealing with sensitive issues like STIs.
Convenience: Private clinics offer flexible appointment times and rapid testing. This makes it easier to get the care you need without having to wait for long periods.
Expertise: Private clinics often have access to the latest diagnostic tools and treatment options, ensuring you receive the best possible care.

Conclusion

HPV is more than just a virus—it is a leading cause of gynaecological and reproductive cancers. However, with vaccination, regular screenings, and safe sexual practices, you can significantly reduce your risk of HPV and its complications. If you are in UK and need expert care, consider visiting a private sexual clinic. These clinics offer the much-needed expertise, convenience, and confidentiality you need to address HPV and other sexual health concerns effectively. Also, walk-in sessions can be held to ease the diagnosis process.